Differential Diagnoses

·       Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

·       Cerebellar Vermus Hypoplasia

·       Cherry Red Spot

 

 

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum- DDx

Cerebellar Vermis Hypoplasia- DDx

Cherry Red Spot- DDx

·       Central retinal artery occlusion

·       Farber lipogranulomatosis

·       GM1 gangliosidosis type 1, type 2

·       GM2 gangliosidosis type 1 (Tay-Sachs disease) or type 2 (Sandhoff disease)

·       Metachromatic leukodystrophy

·       Neimann-Pick disease

·       Sialidosis

·       Trauma

Interstitial Keratitis- DDx

·       Idiopathic

·       HSV, HZV

·       Syphillis

·       TB

·       Mumps

·       Infectious Mononucleosis

·       Rubeola

·       Sarcoidosis

·       Leprosy

·       Onchocerciasis

·       lymphogranuloma venerum

·       Cogan's Syndrome

o   Young adults (rarely children)

o   Inflammatory disorder of cornea and vestibuloauditory system

o   Vaculitis of aorta and medium sized vessels may be seen.

o   topical corticosteroids

o   systemic corticosteroids to prevent deafness and cardiovascular disease

Neurodegenative conditions of Ophthalmic Importance

·       Onset in Infancy

·       Onset in Early Childhood

·       Onset in Late Childhood or Adolescence

 

Neurodegenerative conditions with Onset in Infancy

·       Lysosome sphingolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, ceroidoses

o   GM1 Gangliosidosis Type 1

o   GM2 Gangliosidosis Type 1 (Tay-Sachs disease)

o   GM2 Gangliosidosis Type 2 (Sandhoff disease)

o   Krabbe Disase

o   Gaucher disease type 2

o   Neimann-Pick disease

o   Sialolipidosis

o   Mannosidosis type 1

o   Mucolipidosis II, I-cell disease

o   Infantile Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis (Santavouri-Haltia disease)

·       Peroxisome disorders

o   Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy

o   Infantile Refusum's disease

o   Zellweger syndrome

·       Mitochondrial disorders

o   Leigh syndrome

·       Miscellaneous

o   Canavan disease

o   Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

o   Lowe syndrome

Neurodegenerative conditions with Onset in Early Childhood

·       Lysosome sphingolipidoses, oligosaccharidoses, mucolipidoses, mucopolysaccharidoses, ceroidoses

o   Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

o   Gaucher disease type 3

o   Neimann-Pick type IS

o   Neimann-Pick type IIS

o   Aspartylglycosaminuria

o   Fucosidosis

o   Mannosidosis

o   Schindler neuroaxonal dystrophy

o   Mucolipidosis III (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy)

o   MPS 1H (Hurler)

o   MPS II (Hunter)

o   MPS III (Sanfilippo)

o   Late infantile Neuronal Ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Jansky-Bielschowsky)

·       Mitochondrial disorders

o   MELAS syndrome

·       Peroxisome disorders

o   Adrenoleukodystrophy

·       Miscellaneous

o   Riley-Day syndrome (familial dysautonomia)

o   Chediak-Higashi syndrome

o   Neuroaxonal dystrophy

o   Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome)

Neurodegenerative condition with Onset in Late Childhood and Adolescence

Photophobia in Children

·       Corneal ulcer/foreign body

·       Glaucoma

·       s/p ROP laser

·       Aniridia (mild)

·       Albinism/Albinoidism (mild)

·       Achromatopsia

·       Cystinosis

·       Tyrosinemia Type 2

·       Cystic fibrosis with low Vitamin A levels and xerophthalmia

·       Posterior fossa tumor

o   Marmor, MA, Beauchamp, GR & Maddox, SF: Photophobia, Epiphora and Torticollis: a Masquerade Syndrome. J Ped Oph & Strab 27: 202-4, 1990